Despite effective antiviral therapy, HIV infection frequently leads to blood cell tumors known as lymphoma in the final disease stage. We have observed the same tumors in monkeys infected with simian immunodeficiency virus. Tumor development coincided with and was fostered by co-infection with the tumorigenic simian homolog to human Epstein–Barr virus. Two cases of lymphoma are presented, one exhibiting an unusual cell surface marker composition and the other obstructing the urogenital tract.

In this paper, a co-infection with Toxoplasma gondii and Capillaria hepatica in a ring-tailed lemur is described. As a protozoan parasite, T. gondii can affect nearly all warm-blooded species, causing toxoplasmosis. In lemurs, toxoplasmosis has severe clinical manifestations leading to death. C. hepatica also affects a broad range of mammals, causing hepatic capillariasis. Although it is not known to be lethal, its potential predisposition to toxoplasmosis in our case is of great interest.